TPAS: Test of Phonological Awareness in Spanish

The subtest scaled scores are based on a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. The subtest scores are combined to produce a composite ability score having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. The normative sample was composed of more than 1000 children selected to reflect the composition of the Spanish-speaking population in the United States based on current U. S. Bureau of the Census figures. Further sample weighting was conducted prior to the development of the normative tables. Internal consistency reliabilities range from .87 to .98 at different ages. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the subtests are mostly above .80; those for the composite all exceed .80. Evidence related to content, predictive, and construct validity is strong. Differential item functioning analysis was used to determine items with potential bias for gender and various Spanish-dialect groups.

Cynthia A. Riccio • Brian Imhoff • Jan E. Hasbrouck • G. Nicole Davis